Análisis biomecánico de la epifisiolisis de la cabeza femoral: comparación entre fémures sanos y enfermos

Botero-Botero, D. C. (Diana Carolina) | 2014-04-20

In this work, a finite element analysis (FEA) is accomplished to study the differences of stresses in the growth plate, that are produced in healthy and unhealthy femurs, and to evaluate the possible causes of this illness. Finite element models of 45 patients were developed. The results demonstrated a similar pattern of stresses in all the groups of femurs and also the appearance of greater stresses in the group with slipped capital femoral epiphysis than in the control group. It was also observed a strong dependency on the value of the axial-fisis angle from the group of femur analyzed and a bigger influence of the geometric factors than of the body mass index, in the incidence of the illness.

Análisis biomecánico de la esgrima mediante sistemas optoelectrónicos de análisis de movimiento. Estudio de caso: deportista de alto rendimiento

Torres-Ruiz, A. (Andrea) | 2014-04-20

This article presents the study of fencing techniques through biomechanical analysis, using optoelectronic systems that capture in real time two main gestures: advance and lunge, with the objective to digitally characterize the biomechanics, for its further kinematical analysis to describe the fencer’s technique in the movement execution. This study was made to characterize position curves, joint angles, velocity and acceleration of each of the markers located on the athlete’s body, in a quantitative manner. This study was developed on a high performance athlete in sword modality

Análisis cinemático del salto en pacientes sin patologías en extremidades inferiores

González-Cruz, C. (Catalina) | 2014-04-23

Vertical jumping is a crucial ability in the performance of several sports such as volleyball, basketball and football. The standing vertical jump is based on several specific independent variables, where each can affect or improve the final performance. The main goal of this study was to examine the kinematic vertical jump in amateurs sportsmen without pathological antecedents in lower limbs, through two types of squat jump. The movement was analyzed using two-dimensional video system and the data were processed with the use of software developed in the laboratory. The angles among segments, positions and displacements of the center of mass and anatomical joints velocities were evaluated, in each variant of the exercise. The results obtained allow the characterization of the standing vertical jump performed by the subject and allow the comparison of both techniques as well. It was demonstrated that this technique improves performance of the vertical jump while using arm swing which leads to an increase in height of the body’s center of mass.

Análisis y clasificación del patrón respiratorio de pacientes en proceso de retirada del ventilador mecánico

Chaparro-Preciado, J. A. (Javier Alberto) | 2014-04-30

Estimating the optimal time to remove the ventilatory support from a patient in intensive care remains essential in clinical practice. In this work we study the breathing pattern from the respiratory flow signal in the process of weaning considering the following stages: characterization of the signal from the identification of respiratory cycles, respiratory pattern analysis from mathematical modeling of the resulting series, and classification in order to identify patterns of patients with possible success in the process. We analyzed 153 patients classified into three groups: success, failure and reintubated, according to results of T-tube test. The time series for breathing duration, inspiratory time, expiratory time, and shallow breathing index that resulted in significant differences in the mean, model order, first coefficient and final error of prediction were selected. With them we obtained a classification accuracy of 86% (sensitivity 0.84 - specificity 0.86) using a linear classifier discriminate type. Other classifications were analyzed, such as logistic regression and support vector machines.

El aporte de la biomecánica y la Ingeniería en rehabilitación en la Ingeniería Biomédica de la EIA-CES

Torres-Velásquez, A. (Andrés) | 2014-04-20

Apropiación social e investigación participativa en ingeniería en rehabilitación

Villa-Moreno, A. (Adriana) | 2014-04-30

One of the main goals of rehabilitation engineering is improving the quality of life of people with disabilities through developing solutions for their specifi c needs. When participatory methodologies for research and design are applied, the resulting solutions show advantages such as products that better address the needs of the community, solutions that are better accepted by the community, and the identifi cation of potential sources and niches for innovation. In addition, participatory methodologies provide benefi ts that are not only associated with the generated results and products but with the processes themselves. When research processes are inclusive and promote authentic participation a higher social impact can be obtained. This paper proposes a methodological approach for the development of habilitation and rehabilitation products that allows the convergence of participatory research tendencies, design tendencies and the voice of the community that claims for co-participation. This approach also incorporates strategies for the social appropriation of knowledge. Examples, barriers, diffi culties, challenges and recommendations for conducting research with a focus on participation are also presented. The refl ections herein presented may also be applied to other fi elds.

Aproximación a la representación en XML de objetos DICOM para fotografía médica digital

Ruiz, C. (Carlos) | 2014-05-09

DICOM standard (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) is a non-proprietary protocol for the medical exchange information. DICOM represents and defines the information of real world objects like a magnetic resonance image (MRI), a computerized axial tomography and a digital medical photography (VL photographic), through information object definitions called IOD. The present article describes a methodology to represent the IOD of a digital medical photography of visible light (VL Photographic Image) through XML Schema documents. These documents were used in the creation and validation of XML documents to represent digital medical photographies compiling clinical and technical information for their later implementation in a teledermatology application.

La asociación colombiana de bioingeniería y electrónica médica

Torres-Rivera, I. (Isnardo) | 2014-04-23

Bioingeniería e ingeniería biomédica en Colombia: trasegando en sus inicios y en la construcción de su futuro

Bustamante-Osorno, J. (John) | 2014-04-23

La bioingeniería en Colombia, por el camino de las alianzas estratégicas

Hernández-Valdivieso, M. (Mauricio) | 2014-04-23

La bioingeniería en el Caribe colombiano: historia y evolución

Romero-Santiago, A. (Alejandro) | 2014-04-23

La bioingeniería y la ingeniería biomédica en Colombia

Soler-López, F. A. (Fernando Arturo) | 2014-04-23

La Biotecnología y el desarrollo de investigación aplicada en el programa de Ingeniería Biomédica de la EIA y el CES

López-Rojas, L. E. (Luis Ernesto) | 2014-04-20

Los campos bioeléctricos y algunas aplicaciones médicas– Revisión

Moncada-Acevedo, M. E. (María Elena) | 2014-04-30

The era of bioelectricity began with the investigations of Emil Du Bois-Reymond, one of the founders of electrophysiology. DuBois documented in detail electrical activities associated with nerve excitation, muscle contraction and healing processes. It is currently recognized that electric fields (EFs) are present in living organisms and that they direct and influence biological processes such as embryogenesis, regeneration and wound healing. Several studies have shown how EFs interfere with biosynthesis and cell migration, leading to new strategies for repairing ligaments and for tissue regeneration. At present, biological EFs and currents provide information needed for different types of diagnoses and treatments. This paper reviews some studies focused on the generation of endogenous bioelectric fields, their biological substrates and medical applications.

Características cristaloquímicas de la hidroxiapatita sintética tratada a diferentes temperaturas

Londoño-López, M. E. (Marta Elena) | 2014-05-07

Synthetic Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate whose chemical composition is very similar to that present in human bones. This characteristic makes it biocompatible with live tissue. Due to this biocompatibility, it is possible to use HA in many medical applications. In this research, crystalochemical properties of HA obtained by different thermal treatments and put later in physiological Ringer solution, during 5 and 30 days, were followed. Conductivity measurement and analysis by spectrophotometric UV-VIS, selective ion, DRX, FTIR, and SEM showed the high dependence of crystalinity of both thermal treatment and higher solubility of the more crystalline samples. Besides, when the samples were immersed in Ringer solution, the competition between two mechanisms, dissolution and precipitation, was reveled.

Casos de innovación en salud en Colombia: retos y proyectos

Ruiz-Ibáñez, C. (Carlos) | 2014-04-30

“CgMed”: Diseno y construccion de plataforma para determinar posicion del centro de gravedad en bipedestacion

Cuesta-López, L. F. (Luisa Fernanda) | 2014-04-23

Stabilometry is a fi eld that comprises a series of studies, from which the specialist can study the location and trajectory of the center of gravity of a patient in standing position. It is a widely used technique among health industry professionals. It is also used to diagnose musculoskeletal system diseases and to establish personalized training and rehabilitation sessions for each patient. This project, presents the design of a stabilometric platform with four sensors and a metal structure in SAE 1010 steel, designed to withstand large deformations and efforts. The acquisition and conditioning of the signals begins with an amplifi cation and fi ltering stage. Then, using a data acquisition device, the data is uploaded to a graphic interface in LabView in order to calculate important variables and factors, such as the Romberg’s coeffi cient. Satisfactory results were obtained both in the design, modeling and construction of the device, as well as in the performed stabilometry tests.

Cirugía robótica mínimamente invasiva: análisis de fuerza y torque

Ruiz-Navas, D. (Daniel) | 2014-04-30

Minimally Invasive Surgery and the adaptation of robotics to these procedures represent many advantages for the patient, the surgeon, and the health program. However, commercial devices used nowadays lack haptic feedback. This fact makes the tissue identification more difficult and increments the injuries risk during the surgical procedure. The development of systems with this kind of feedback has become a topic of interest throughout the world. The present article contains a revision of the state of the art about commercial and experimental systems developed in this area. Models for the force and torque propagation, used in Minimally Invasive Surgery, are also presented.

CNN-Promoter, new consensus promoter prediction program based on neural networks

Bedoya, O. (Óscar) | 2013-11-19

En este artículo se presenta un programa nuevo para la predicción de promotores llamado CNN-Promoter, que toma como entrada secuencias de ADN y las clasifica como promotor o no promotor. Se han desarrollado diversos métodos para predecir las regiones promotoras en organismos eucariotas, muchos de los cuales se basan en modelos de Markov, árboles de decisión y métodos estadísticos. A pesar de la variedad de programas existentes para la predicción de promotores, se necesita aún mejorar los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad. Se propone un nuevo programa que se basa en la estrategia de mezcla de expertos usando redes neuronales. Los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas alcanzan valores de sensibilidad y especificidad de 100 % en el entrenamiento y de 74,5 % de sensibilidad y 82,7 % de especificidad en los conjuntos de validación y prueba.

Consideraciones para el análisis de la marcha humana. Técnicas de videogrametría, electromiografía y dinamometría

Villa-Moreno, A. (Adriana) | 2014-04-20

Human gait analysis has been used in a wide range of applications, such as diagnosis and treatment selection for patients with neuro-muscular-skeletal diseases. The methods and technologies that exist for gait analysis are numerous, and they allow the recollection of the main quantitative parameters of a gait pattern in an objective way. A lot of factors must be considered during gait analysis in order to obtain reliable results; some of them must be taken into account, including the planning and configuration of the laboratory, the acquisition process and the results analysis system. This paper presents some considerations derived from the literature review and also from the direct experience with patients. They are mainly focused in systems which use techniques such as videogrammetry, dynamometry and electromyography, since they are the most used nowadays.