Examinando por Materia "ORGANIZATION AND INDUSTRY"
Mostrando 1 - 20 de 740
Resultados por página
Opciones de ordenación
Publicación Acceso abierto Administración, ser humano y naturaleza: diálogos inconclusos(2014-05-15) Monsalve-Lozano, B. (Bernardo); Guerrero-Guetiérrez, J. (Jonathan)The article covers the brief history of management, in order to show the loss of its primitive nature and transformation to current date, for production consumption usage and accumulation in the face of an environmental crisis and consequent effects on the planet. It provokes a reflection on the role to be played by human beings and nature in management thinking, to conclude that teaching a trans-disciplinarian ethos can open the way for integrated management, as it allows not only a constructive debate of disciplines but also, the recognition of the importance of various skills to solve complex problems. This will ensure dialogue over debate; dialogue aims to find a solution whereas debate is the justification of power.Publicación Acceso abierto Alcohol carburante: actualidad tecnológica(2014-05-06) Ocampo, AquilesThis study shows technical, economical, and environmental aspects which have to be handled in the design of the new plants to be built in Colombia in order to produce the alcohol required to fit the new rules established by the national government. It is seen that in the next few years, the safer way of obtaining it is from sugar cane, but on the other hand, we can see the uprising of new alternatives which could compete with it latter. Up to now, the cost of producing dry ethanol is higher than obtaining gasoline. Finally, environmental problems which have to be handled in ethanol production plants are described.Publicación Acceso abierto Algoritmo etapa a etapa para la simulación de cascadas de extracción en fase líquida aplicando el modelo de equilibrio(2013-12-17) Sánchez-Correa, César Augusto; Arturo, Jaime E.; Cárdenas, Andrés C.It is shown a stage-by-stage solution method for the group of mass balances, equilibrium relationships, sum of compositions and enthalpy equations (MESH equations) that represents the equilibrium model for a countercurrent multistage liquid-liquid extraction arrangement. The theoretical foundation is in thermodynamics: liquid-liquid equilibrium, isothermal flash, and adiabatic flash. The algorithm exceeds the scope of graphics and isothermal methods used in the study of extraction processes, which is applicable to very common typical situations: heat transfer by stage, adiabatic stages, and different temperatures in feed and solvent streams. The algorithm is illustrated in three examples, the first two in isothermal operation with three components (water, acetic acid and butyl acetate) and ten stages, and a third one more elaborated involving heat transfer with four components (water, acetic acid, butanol, butyl acetate) and fifteen stages.Publicación Acceso abierto Un algoritmo genético híbrido y un enfriamiento simulado para solucionar el problema de programación de pedidos Job Shop(2013-12-17) Meisel-Donoso, José David; Prado, L. K. (Liliana Katherine)Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSP), classified as NP-Hard, has been a challenge for the scientific community because achieving an optimal solution to this problem is complicated as it grows in number of machines and jobs. Numerous techniques, including metaheuristics, have been used for its solution; however, the efficiency of the techniques, in terms of computational time, has not been very satisfactory. Because of this and for contributing to the solution of this problem, a simulated annealing (SA) and an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) have been proposed. The latter, by implementing a strategy of simulated annealing in the mutation phase, allows the algorithm to enhance and diversify the solutions at the same time, in order not to converge prematurely to a local optimum. The results showed that the proposed algorithms yield good results with deviations around the best values found not exceeding 5 % for more complex problems.Publicación Acceso abierto Análisis de proyecciones y valoración de una compañía del sector de alimentos(2014-05-12) Pérez-Linaza, A. (Andrés); Muñoz-Aristizábal, C. (Camilo)The project consists in the valuation of a Colombian company following the method of discounted free cash flow, using a financial model that allows projecting the future performance of the company. The valuation project is described, including the used method, the historical evolution of the company, the assumptions of projection, the financial projections, the calculation of the value and the statistical sensitization, with use of software Crystal Ball. The article ends with some recommendations and conclusions for the valuation of the company, based in the experience of the authors during the project, as well as in its academic and professional trajectory.Publicación Acceso abierto Análisis de riesgo en el proyecto de un sistema de información para la red empresarial Ecocacao(2014-05-13) Chadid-Botero, G. A. (Gerardo Alberto); Fernández-López, G. A. (Gustavo Adolfo)This paper presents an analysis of risks on implementing a plan to create an information system for the network Ecocacao. This risk analysis is conducted on the basis of the method described by the Project Management Institute (PMI) and the use of the Monte Carlo technique through simulation using the @RISK software, finally the analysis arrives at the interpretation of results. The goal is to determine the impact of the materialization of risks identified in the project tasks and how they might affect the budgets established.Publicación Acceso abierto Análisis de riesgos financieros del proyecto soluciones informáticas de Compugroup(2014-05-13) Villegas, Bedout, de, L. A. (Luis Arturo); Meza-Osorio, C. M. (Carlos Mauricio)This article aims at assessing the financial risks of the proposed company Compugroup from updating the financial study developed in 2006. To conduct such an assessment was made a deterministic and stochastic analysis using the program Crystal Ball, finding that the project is highly profitable but also its Net Present Value has a high deviation.Publicación Acceso abierto Análisis del proceso de deshidratación de cacao para la disminución del tiempo de secado(2013-12-17) Tinoco, Héctor A.; Ospina, D. Y. (Diana Yomali)Cocoa is one of the products demanded by the international agricultural market; some multinational companies have invested from its beginnings in research and development, in order to obtain new products. Some factors increase the costs in cocoa-based products, which can be attributed to market conditions (supply and demand), cocoa transformation process, agricultural processes and procedures, among others. This study focuses on a process of industrial transformation that is usually a final step in a series of operations to get dried cocoa beans. Certain variables such as time, temperature, and humidity establish the effectiveness of drying of cocoa. This research suggests the possibility of reducing industrial drying time without affecting the organoleptic properties, changing humidity and temperature. For this proposal experimental tests of drying and computational analysis, using the finite element method to study the drying process, were carried out.Publicación Acceso abierto Analyzing inflation: Measurement problems and trends(2014-05-15) Ardila-Restrepo, H. J. (Hermilson de Jesús); Lochmüller, C. (Christian); Peña-Palacio, J. A. (Juan Alejandro)As a consequence of the crisis of 2007/2008, which started in the United States of America within the financial sector and which then spread to the real sector, the governments of several countries had to bail out financial institutions and companies. Central banks, especially in the U.S. and Europe injected liquidity in large volumes into the markets in order to stabilize the financial sector, a process which might produce higher inflation. This article discusses how inflation is measured and found that the measurement does not include adequately the development of prices of financial assets. Furthermore, it discussed that money supply should include loans, as credit serves as money and has an impact on inflation. One of the main conclusions is that there is a real possibility that inflation rates will increase in the medium term future.Publicación Acceso abierto Aplicación de CONWIP para mejorar los ciclos de retorno de canastillas para el manejo de frutas y verduras en almacenes de cadena(2014-05-13) Vasco-Mesa, J. A. (Johny Alejandro); Uribe-Cadavid, D. C. (Diana Cecilia); Diez-Montoya, J. F. (Juan Felipe)This paper presents an alternative to optimize the quality and freshness of the fruits and vegetables bought by final consumer, according to the evaluation and optimization of the return cycles of the plastic containers in the distribution centers (CEDI) in Medellín and in points of sale of a store chain studied for the zone of Medellín and the Atlantic Coast. In order to optimize the return cycles, people has believed that it is only necessary to study the direct logistics of products since they leave the CEDI until they arrive at the stores, consequently, only half of the problem is being studied. Retailers must guarantee to their supplier that the plastic containers return so that he can pack his products again, that is to say, to study inverse or reverse logistic, a new fundamental concept for all those companies that they have consciousness about environment and they worry about the recovery of products at the end of their life utility.Publicación Acceso abierto Aplicación de la gestión de riesgos en los principales procesos de una pyme comercializadora(2014-05-15) Hernández-García, Y. M. (Yudy Marcela); Lochmüller, C. (Christian)This paper proposes for SME s in Medellín a scheme fora risk management that is based in process management. Through a survey the structures and processes that are typically applied in trading SME s to manage risks are identified and analyzed. The survey revealed that most SME s in Medellín currently do not manage their risks related to the business and also that these SME s still know very little about the subject of risk management. Based on the results of the survey and supported by the judgment of two experts and the support of both a small and a medium sized company, a risk management system will be proposed that takes the specific aspects of SME s trading in Medellín into account. Finally, a conclusion is that the SME s can improve their risk management by implementing the proposed scheme in order to avoid losses.Publicación Acceso abierto Aplicación de la metodología TOC al estándar PMI ®(2014-05-13) Cuartas-Montoya, C. M. (Claudia Marcela); Lopera-Zapata, R. G. (Robinson Gerardo)Existen varios estándares y metodologías para la gestión y administración de proyectos; en Colombia y, en general, en Estados Unidos y América Latina la más utilizada es la dictada por el PMI®; sin embargo, en ocasiones con el uso indebido de las metodologías tradicionales de gestión de proyectos, la probabilidad de presencia de problemas relacionados con el costo, el tiempo o el alcance del proyecto es muy alta, lo que hace necesario desarrollar una nueva metodología, o definir los cambios que se deben realizar sobre la utilizada, para mejorar los resultados de los proyectos y disminuir considerablemente la probabilidad de surgimiento de problemas. Una metodología que muestra buenos resultados en la ejecución de los proyectos es la teoría de restricciones, por lo cual es interesante intentar incorporarla en los estándares del PMI®. Para lograr esto, se estudiaron las áreas de conocimiento de gestión del tiempo y gestión del costo presentadas por el estándar del PMI®. Posteriormente, se definió la forma como se les debe aplicar la teoría de restricciones en cuanto a la creación de los cronogramas y uso de amortiguadores al final de la cadena crítica y las rutas alimentadoras.Publicación Acceso abierto Aplicación de la teoría de restricciones (TOC) a los procesos de producción de la planta de fundición de Imusa(2014-05-13) Abisambra-Lemus, A. J. (Abraham José); Mantilla-Cuadros, L. A. (Luis Andelfo)The plant of smelting of IMUSA S.A., like many productive plants of the metal mechanics sector that export their products, has complex and changing processes that, in addition to being flexible to the different exigencies from the market, must be prepared for a constantly variable demand. In this paper the present situation of the smelting plant is described and a practical application for the reduction of inventories, the improvement of the cash flow and capital under the methodology is formulated by Theory of Constraints TOC. This paper becomes a guide for the possible improvements that can be obtained in a plant, following the stages of TOC and using the resources at the correct moment. This work is based on a particular plant, but the improvements and changes can be applied to any industrial or service sector.Publicación Acceso abierto Aplicación de los modelos Garch a la estimacion del VaR de acciones colombianas(2014-05-13) Ospina-D’Aleman, F. (Federico); Giraldo-Sánchez, D. A. (David Alejandro)The increased volatility in financial markets over recent decades has led researchers, experts, and regulators to design and develop more sophisticated risk management tools. Value at Risk (VaR) has become the standard measure that financial analysts use to measure market risk due to its conceptual simplicity and easy interpretation. In this paper, Value at Risk (VaR) was applied to the returns of the biggest marketability shares of the Colombian stock market and it was calculated by the parametric method with the RiskMetrics approach and the econometric GARCH models. Under the RiskMetrics approach the variance of the series is computed using an IGARCH (1.1) model. For the calculation of VaR with econometric GARCH models, ARIMA methodology is applied to find the model that will help to forecast the returns of the series, this returns does not generally have a constant variance, showing the existence of Heteroscedasticity and should be used generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity models (GARCH), such as PGARCH, TGARCH, EGARCH, and other models as IGARCH, GARCH-M to find the conditional variance.Publicación Acceso abierto Aplicación de opciones reales en las telecomunicaciones: el caso de una red de banda ancha(2014-05-12) Cardona-Londoño, D. M. (Diana Maria); Herrera-Restrepo, R. A. (Rafael Alberto)Determining the financial viability to build a broadband network in a medium size Colombian city such as Armenia requires a financial model that can estimate the free cash flow for this project. However, calculating the net present value with such a model is not enough to determine the project viability. Therefore, the methodology of real options appears as an alternative that offers more flexibility in the valuation and takes into consideration the uncertainty that comes with these types of decisions where the strategies initially planned can be abandoned, reoriented or completely changed.Publicación Acceso abierto Aplicación de redes neuronales en la clasificación de arcillas(2013-11-13) Gómez, Jairo; Sánchez, Jaime; Ocampo, Aquiles; Restrepo, José William; Aplicação de redes neuronais na classificação de arcillasClays are the main raw material in the manufacture of products for the construction sector, such as tile, veneer, flooring and bricks. Small and medium enterprises generally use brick clays of different mineralogical origin, classified in order to formulate their mixtures according to the production team experience; the uncertainty associated with this method causes that a portion of their manufactured products are rejected, because their properties do not meet the technical specifications. This paper presents a methodology based on neural networks for classification of clays, based on the clay properties to be used to make the pasta, with the aim of reducing the number of rejected products. It used different network topologies for classification, and chose the one which have been found capable to predict the training and testing samples with an accuracy of 97.79 % and 94.12 %, respectively.Publicación Acceso abierto Aplicación del análisis discriminante para evaluar el mejoramiento de los indicadores financieros en las empresas del sector extracción de petróleo crudo y gas natural en Colombia(2014-05-14) Fontalvo-Herrera, T. (Tomás); Hoz-Granadillo, E. (Efraín de la); Morelos-Gómez, J. (José)This research paper presents the results obtained during the project implementation of Discriminant Analysis to evaluate the improvement of financial indicators in the companies extracting crude oil and natural gas in Colombia that was initially a detailed description evaluation of organizational systems, the financial indicators, indicators of liquidity and debt ratios, Discriminant Analysis concepts in the evaluation of the impact of financial indicators in the companies extracting crude oil and natural gas Colombia. What allowed through a qualitative perspective, proposals and qualitative, descriptive analysis of indicators that best discriminated as a result of the evaluation of the indicators in 2004 and 2009 in the objective function so you can identify which variables to monitor for examine companies.Publicación Acceso abierto Aplicación del modelo de inventario manejado por el vendedor en una empresa del sector alimentario colombiano(2013-11-18) Arango-Serna, Martín Darío; Zapata Cortés, Julián Andrés; Adarme Jaimes, WilsonThis paper presents the application of VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) in a Colombian enterprise that distributes food products. Here it is shown a clear definition of VMI and it is analyzed the key elements and the most important VMI models that can be found in related research literature. Also presents a comparative assessment of two methods proposed in the literature for calculating the replenishment quantities in a VMI context, which are compared with the current procedure implemented for such propose in the company.Publicación Acceso abierto Aproximación a la estructura óptima de capital de la empresa Mineros S.A(2014-05-14) Mejía-Bautista, N. (Natalia); Moreno-Arias, M. (Mauricio)The most important decisions that affect the course of the organizations are the Financing Decisions, because they are always looking to increase the generation of Market Value effectively and efficiently using capital resources in order that the returns generated by these resources is grater that the cost of getting.This paper will seek an approximation of the Optimal Capital Structure of Mineros S. A. that not only fits the theory and existing studies, for example: (Modigliani and Miller), “The Market Value of a company is found independent of its Financial Structure or financial decisions are taken”; but it is a structure with which the company finds the efficiency of its operation according to the sphere in which it operates and the resources that has a disposal.Publicación Acceso abierto Atención oportuna a usuarios en salas de atención personalizada (estudio de caso)(2014-05-13) Uribe-Cadavid, D. C. (Diana Cecilia)According to the survey of satisfaction made by the company in study in November of 2004, they were like two dissatisfaction factors: time spent in queue and attention in charge of the personnel. Time spent in queue was the worst qualified. The causes of the long waiting times and large queues that the users were experiencing were analyzed. It was verified that the amount of customers who arrived at the system did not have any pattern of demand that allowed forecasting periods of greater affluence. The system was analyzed as a model of multi-channel lines with a single phase, where the number of customers arriving in a period has a Poisson distribution, but the service times did not have the exponential behavior required to solve mathematically the problem. The system was simulated using probabilistic distributions for each server and specifying the different services the customers needed. It was obvious that the system lost capacity during lunch time, increasing the time spent in queue of the customers. Several solutions were evaluated to improve the capacity.