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Publicación Acceso abierto Tomografía computarizada por rayos X: fundamentos y actualidad(2014-04-23) Ramírez-Giraldo, J. C. (Juan Carlos); Arboleda-Clavijo, C. (Carolina); McCollough, C. (Cynthia)This paper reviews the fundamentals of x-ray computed tomography. It starts by summarizing the early days of the technique and its evolution through time, as well as the physical principles of x-ray production. Subsequently, the mathematical principles of image reconstruction are discussed with emphasis in both analytical and iterative reconstruction methods. A complete section is dedicated to review the main concepts related with the risks of ionizing radiation, and discuss some of the most recent controversies about CT radiation and how those risks affect scanning protocols. Finally, based on the most recent advances and trends in CT, the paper discuss about those areas, which, presumably, will be the research focus of CT in the near future.