Examinando por Materia "BIOMATERIALES"

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    Características cristaloquímicas de la hidroxiapatita sintética tratada a diferentes temperaturas
    (2014-05-07) Londoño-López, M. E. (Marta Elena); Echavarría-Velásquez, A. (Alejandro); Calle, F. (Franzenith de la)
    Synthetic Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a calcium phosphate whose chemical composition is very similar to that present in human bones. This characteristic makes it biocompatible with live tissue. Due to this biocompatibility, it is possible to use HA in many medical applications. In this research, crystalochemical properties of HA obtained by different thermal treatments and put later in physiological Ringer solution, during 5 and 30 days, were followed. Conductivity measurement and analysis by spectrophotometric UV-VIS, selective ion, DRX, FTIR, and SEM showed the high dependence of crystalinity of both thermal treatment and higher solubility of the more crystalline samples. Besides, when the samples were immersed in Ringer solution, the competition between two mechanisms, dissolution and precipitation, was reveled.
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    Cultivo de tejido cartilaginoso articular: acercamiento conceptual
    (2014-05-08) Zapata-Linares, N. M. (Natalia María); Zuluaga, N. J. (Natalia Janet); Betancur-Gallego, S. N. (Silvia Natalia); López-Rojas, L. E. (Luis Ernesto)
    The currently available methods for tissue repair have not been able to restore completely functional cartilage tissue. For this reason, tissue engineering has developed strategies for fabricating cartilage substitutes in order to offer therapeutic solutions to patients that could suffer from any kind of cartilage disease. The purpose of this article was to review the anatomy, histology, physiology, pathology of cartilage, and the therapies commonly used for repairing this tissue. This article also shows the role established by tissue engineering and biomaterials in this field.
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    Isolation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and evaluation of their osteogenic potential
    (2014-04-23) García-Quiroz, F. (Felipe); Posada-Estefan, O. (Olga); Gallego Pérez, D. (Daniel); Higuita-Castro, N. (Natalia); Sarassa-Velásquez, C. (Carlos); Hansford, D. (Derek); Agudelo-Florez, P. (Piedad); López-Rojas, L. E. (Luis Ernesto)
    Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) comprise a cell population capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation commonly isolated from bone marrow aspirates of large bones. Their osteogenic potential has been extensively exploited for the biological evaluation of scaffolds or biomaterials with applications in bone tissue engineering. This work aimed to isolate hBMSCs from femoral heads of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty and to evaluate their osteogenic potential. Briefly, the trabecular bone was extracted and mechanically disaggregated; the released cells were cultured and non-adherent cells were removed after 4 days. The osteogenic potential was evaluated at the fifth passage after 14 and 20 days of induction, comparing cultures with and without osteogenic supplements, via Alizarin red staining and the quantification of the gene expression levels of the osteogenic markers collagen type I, osteonectin and bone sialoprotein through real-time RT-PCR. The obtained hBMSCs presented a stable undifferentiated phenotype after prolonged cell culture, matrix mineralization capabilities and expression of osteoblast phenotype upon osteogenic induction. The three markers were up-regulated in cultures under osteogenic conditions and 2 fold differences in their expression levels were found to be significant for the onset of the differentiation process. The obtained hBMSCs may have applications on the in vitro evaluation of the osteoinductivity of different biomaterials, bioactive molecules or tissue engineering scaffolds.
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    Producción de matrices de quitosano extraído de crustáceos
    (2014-04-30) Escobar-Sierra, D. M. (Diana Marcela); Urrea-Llano, C. A. (Carlos Alberto); Gutiérrez-Guerra, M. (Mariana); Zapata-Ocampo, P. A. (Paola Andrea)
    Chitosan is present in crustacean shells and it has been used in the fields of medicine and tissue engineering for the construction of scaffolds that support cell growth. In this study, chitosan was extracted from crustacean shells and processed into scaffolds with controlled microstructure using a simple processing method presented herein. The scaffolds were prepared by freezing and lyophilization of chitosan solutions and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed a chitosan with an X-ray diffraction spectrum similar to that of a commercial chitosan, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the extraction protocol. Microscopy showed oval and circular pores distributed on the bulk sample, with pore diameters between 100 μm and 150 μm. This shows that the proposed fabrication method provides a starting point for the construction of porous scaffolds that may support cell growth.
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    Síntesis y caracterización de hidrogeles de alcohol polivinílico por la técnica de congelamiento/descongelamiento para aplicaciones médicas
    (2013-11-26) Echeverri-Cuartas, C. E. (Claudia Elena); Vallejo-Giraldo, Catalina; Londoño-López, M. E. (Marta Elena)
    Using different cycles of freeze-thawing, semicrystalline polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels were synthesized in concentrations of 7.5 % and 12 %. The kinetic and grade of swelling, states of water and the tensile strength were calculated by gravimetry, by differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, and the tensile tests respectively. The results show that hydrogels with less concentration and cycles have better grade and kinetic of swelling, while the tensile strength is lower. The DSC results allow us to determine the free and freezable bound waters in our hydrogels. The characteristics obtained from these hydrogels lead their classification for different medical applications.