Examinando por Autor "Torres, P. (Patricia)"

Mostrando 1 - 5 de 5
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Análisis del funcionamiento de plantas de manejo de residuos sólidos en el norte del Valle del Cauca, Colombia
    (2013-12-17) Marmolejo, Luis Fernando; Torres, P. (Patricia); Oviedo, R. (Ricardo); García, M .(Mariela); Díaz, Luis F.
    In Colombia, the acceptance of resource recovery is demonstrated through the high number of municipalities which have introduced this alternative in their integrated solid waste management plans, together with the increasing number of solid waste management facilities (SWMFs) that have been established. This situation also highlights the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the existing experiences as well as research and development around this topic. In this paper, the performance of five SWMFs located in municipalities in northern Valle del Cauca is analyzed. The analysis shows that, despite the fact that SWMFs have operational deficiencies, features such as markets for their products, employment generation and avoided costs in waste disposal in landfills show sufficient grounds for their continuity. Key elements to strengthen SWMFs performance are long-term awareness of service users, adaptation of technologies to the context, enhancement of managerial capacity and better support to resource recovery within the national political framework.
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Efecto del incremento en la turbiedad del agua cruda sobre la eficiencia de procesos convencionales de potabilización
    (2013-11-15) Montoya, C. (Carolina); Loaiza, D. (Diana); Torres, P. (Patricia); Cruz, Camilo H. (Camilo Hernán); Escobar, Juan Carlos
    Environmental phenomena cause a strong impact in the variation of the quality of sources for drinking water, demanding that potable water treatment processes respond to these changes and maintain quality standards in the production of safe drinking water. The historical analysis of river Cauca turbidity and behavior of clarified and filtrated water allowed evaluating the effect of increase in raw water turbidity over water treatment conventional processes of Puerto Mallarino plant at Cali (Colombia). It was determined that the high turbidity of the water of river affected the treatment efficiency and also the quality of treated water; filtration was the most vulnerable stage to these high turbidity events. A high linear correlation between maximum turbidity and chemical products dose (coagulant and disinfectant) was identified.
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Mejoramiento de la calidad microbiológica de biosólidos generados en plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas
    (2013-11-27) Torres, P. (Patricia); Madera-Parra, C. A. (Carlos Arturo); Silva-Leal, J. A. (Jorge Antonio)
    One of the main quality problems of biosolids from domestic wastewater treatment plants –WWTP– is the high concentration of pathogens, often classified as a class B, with restriction for use in agriculture. This study evaluated the alkali stabilization of biosolids from Cañaveralejo wastewater treatment plant (PTAR-C), located in Cali, Colombia, in order to improve their microbiological quality using two types of lime (quick and hydrated) with doses between 8 to 25 % and two types of ash with 8 to 40 % as doses, in experimental units 0,2 m2 with 13 days of contact time. The results showed that both type of lime reached the total reduction of evaluated monitoring variables (faecal coliforms, Salmonella sp, helmints eggs) while the alkali power of ashes were lower. The obtained biosolids treated with lime have a high potential use in agriculture purposes for the good microbiological quality, and for the organic matter and nutrient content (N, P) that can generate benefit to the soil, but it is recommendable to evaluate at pilot scale the lime doses and application of biosolid in different soils types and crops in order to precise the benefits or prevent measurements before application of material in soil.
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Una mirada a la agroindustria de extracción de almidón de yuca, desde la estandarización de procesos
    (2013-11-20) Torres, P. (Patricia); Pérez, A. (Andrea); Marmolejo, Luis Fernando; Ordóñez, José A.; García, Reinel E.
    In Colombia, the agroindustry of cassava-starch extraction is an important sector of the country's economy; production is focused in Cauca Department; this process uses fresh cassava-roots, water, and electricity as main resources, generating solid and liquid wastes whose inadequate use or disposal brings environmental and economic impacts. In this study were made measures for process optimization supported by tools such as mass balance and study methods, time and motion, considering the technological and socio-economic context of the sector. The results showed process-efficiency between 51 and 59 %; it was identified that the straining stage has the highest water consumption and solid waste generation (fiber cassava pulp); the starch slurry’s sedimentation stage generates the most amount of liquid wastes with high-pollution load. It evidenced the need to standardize and optimize the washing-peeling and strain stages because they require the largest process times; to increase the grating-rasping machine capacity (this critical stage influences the process efficiency and the final starch quality) besides recording the process information as control strategy.
  • Miniatura
    PublicaciónAcceso abierto
    Perspectivas del tratamiento anaerobio de aguas residuales domésticas en países en desarrollo
    (2013-11-06) Torres, P. (Patricia)
    Appropriate and sustainable municipal wastewater treatments plants –WWTP– are strongly required in developing countries which face both sanitation problems and poverty. Anaerobic digestion, as a leading technology that generates value added products (i.e. bio-energy, nutrients and water for reuse) has proved to be suitable in those countries, which are mostly placed in tropical and subtropical regions with temperatures higher tan 20 oC. Latin America is the region with the highest number of anaerobic WWTP, being the UASB reactor the most common technology for municipal wastewater treatment. Onça WWTP (Belo Horizonte, Brazil) is an example of a large scale implementation, showing that UASB is a stabilized technology with COD removal efficiencies ranging from 65 % to 80 % and HRT between 6-10 hours. However, further research is highly needed in order to improve and upgrade the existing treatment methods; so as to achieve technological solutions that prove to be environmentally harmless and suitable to each particular socio-economic and cultural condition. This work is aimed at analyzing and discussing the anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater issues and its application perspectives at both small and large scale in developing countries.